Immigration is a central topic in contemporary debates, influencing national policies, European dynamics and international relations. The approaches adopted vary according to the context, reflecting specific demographic, economic and social realities.

French approach: recent trends and policies

In 2024, France issued 336,700 first residence permits, an increase of 1.8% on the previous year. Of these permits, 109,300 were issued for student reasons, representing the main reason for immigration, followed by family reunification with 90,600 permits issued. At the same time, the number of visas granted increased by 16.8%, reaching 2.8 million in 2024. ​

Regarding deportation measures, around 22,000 illegal immigrants were deported in 2024, an increase of almost 27% compared to the previous year. This increase reflects the government’s desire to strengthen migration control. ​

European vision: migratory flows and community responses

At the European level, 2024 was marked by a significant decrease in irregular migrant arrivals. According to Frontex, these arrivals fell by 38%, reaching their lowest level since 2021, with just over 239,000 crossings. This decrease is mainly due to increased cooperation against smuggling networks. ​

Nevertheless, some countries have experienced opposite trends. For example, the Canary Islands recorded a record number of 46,843 migrants in 2024, mainly from Senegal, Mali and Morocco.

Global perspective: challenges and international cooperation

Internationally, international migration continues to shape demographic dynamics. In 2022, around 5.1 million people immigrated to the European Union from third countries, more than double the previous year’s figure. Germany, Spain and Italy were the main destinations. ​

In the face of these movements, international cooperation is essential. In March 2025, the United Kingdom hosted a summit bringing together more than 40 countries to coordinate the fight against people smugglers and migrant trafficking, emphasising the importance of a collective response to migratory challenges. ​

In short, immigration remains a complex issue requiring tailored responses at different levels. Recent statistics reflect various trends, and the policies put in place must balance humanitarian, economic and security imperatives to meet the challenges posed by contemporary migratory flows.

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